The animation contains a visual
explanation of why certain properties are considered as
intensive and some as extensive, with many examples. Also
dealt in detail are Physical and chemical change. This educational
animation will clarify all doubts about properties of matter.
Physical properties of matter can be divided into two parts
- Intensive and extensive
Intensive properties
do not depend on the amount of the matter present. They
are color, odor, luster, malleability, ductility, conductivity,
hardness and softness, density, pressure, boiling point
and melting point.
Color: Perception of the different
wavelengths of light.
Odor: Property of perception
of the sense of smell.
Luster - Shininess of surface.
Almost all Metals having shining surface
Malleability - The ability
of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductility - The ability of
a substance to be drawn into thin wires.
Conductivity - The ability
of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.
Metals like Copper, bronze, steel are good conductor of
heat and electricity
Hardness and softness- how
easily a substance is scratched.
E.g. diamond is the hardest substance known, iron and aluminum
are hard while magnesium is a soft metal
Density is the mass of a substance
divided by its volume
Pressure: Force per unit area.
The standard unit for pressure is the Pascal (Newton per
square meter).
Boiling Point - The temperature
at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the
pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure)
Melting point: - The temperature
at which a solid becomes a liquid
Ice melts at 0 Deg C hence melting-point of ice is 0 Deg
C
Extensive Properties
are those that depend on the amount of matter present.
Mass, weight, volume and length are all extensive properties
of matter
Mass - A measurement of the
amount of matter present in an object.
Weight - A measurement of the
gravitational force of attraction of the earth acting on
an object. It is given by product of the mass of the object
by the acceleration due to gravity W = m × g. The
SI unit is Newton (N) or kilogram-meters per second squared.
Volume - A measurement of the
amount of space a substance occupies.
Volume is the space actually occupied by an object or the
bulk of some substance.
Length is the linear extent
in space from one end to the other. The SI unit of length
is meter (m).
Physical change
A change that affects the size, shape or color of a substance
but does not affect its composition.
Physical change is reversible and temporary.
Melting of wax is physical change
Chemical change
This type of change refers to a material changing to a completely
different type of material or being transformed to a new
substance. This process involves bond breaking and bond
forming such that material changes its identity. E.g., wood
burning is a chemical change.
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(For age - group :
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